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This is possibly something you’ve never thought about or been aware of before - you may well underestimate just how much the lighting in our world changes, because your brain compensates for it so well. This happens automatically without any conscious awareness. In The Dress photo, there aren’t many cues or reference points to tell us the properties of the light source. This leads to ambiguity and the possibility of different interpretations. In a room of blue light from daylight coming in a window, the brain takes away blue shadow and leaves it white and yellow.
Our brains would be able to separate the garment's lighting from its intrinsic color, Williams said. "I think the brain has just made a different assumption about how the dress is being illuminated." Moreover—and to tie everything up with a bow— owls were more likely to assume that the lighting was artificial, not natural. Even outside of vision scientists, most people just assume everyone sees the world in the same way. Which is why it’s awkward when disagreements arise—it suggests one party either is ignorant, is malicious, has an agenda, or is crazy. "It looked white and gold, now it looks blue and black," one man told CBS'2 Ilana Gold.
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And he found that 'larks' - people who rise and go to bed early and spend many of their waking hours in sunlight - are more likely to see the dress as white and gold. People who see the correct black and blue might be looking at the dress somewhere with artificial, yellow-lit lights. Or their brain is interpreting the photo as more illuminated and therefore it doesn't need to compensate for the shadows. Black and blue or gold and white - the real colour of 'the dress' revealed. As the illumination conditions are impossible to clearly assess in the dress image, people make assumptions about what they are. Different people do this in differing ways, which is what causes the different interpretations of color.
'Shadows are blue, so we mentally subtract the blue light in order to view the image, which then appears in bright colours - gold and white. The image has become an online sensation, with posts arguing over the dress's original colours - and science behind the debate - being viewed and shared millions of times. Researchers suggest that people who wake up earlier are significantly more likely to see the dress as white and gold, compared to those who love a lie-in. Our brains take into account the colors around us when interpreting an image, and this can lead to different people seeing the same image differently.
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‘For example, it could be that if the lighting conditions slightly changed, the person viewing the image is getting more stimulus on the blue photo receptor, for example, than the red. The combination of black and blue is called "mourning colors". These colors are used to show sympathy or respect during a funeral service.
Vice also spoke with a color researcher, the University of Washington's Jay Neitz, Ph.D. "This is one of the most fascinating color vision things I've seen in a long time," Neitz told Vice. "Now I'm going to spend the rest of my life working on this," Neitz concluded, "I thought I was going to cure blindness, but now I guess I'll do this." Light is made up of different wavelengths, which the brain perceives as color. Light entering the retina, the light-sensitive part of the eye, activates cone cells that are sensitive to either red, green or blue wavelengths. But the wavelengths your eye detects may not be the wavelengths of the object you're looking at.
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Moffit and Brown both saw black and blue when they looked at the dress and figured this was some kind of ridiculous Internet hoax. A neuroimaging study has also identified the differences in brain regions that are activated between those people who judge the dress as gold-white or blue-black. Greater amounts of activity have been noted over the frontal and parietal regions only in those people who judge it as gold-white. Some perceived it as blue-black, while others saw it as gold and white, and a small margin of people even saw it as brown and blue. In the photo posted on Tumblr, the dress fills up most of the image, providing very little information about how the object is being lit. "The wide range of interpretations about how it's being illuminated leads to a wide range of interpretations about its intrinsic color," Williams said.
All of our perceptual experiences are informed by this kind of processing, resulting from context and previous knowledge. There are many every day examples of the multi sensory brain that we are usually unaware of. An example of multisensory effects can be experienced by watching a video of a waterfall. Because of the visual information coming from the downward movement of the waterfall, the experience is that the desk is rising. If the orange juice is colored red, then the taste will change to taste like cherry. The rods only have one neuron that is connected to 100 rods.
McNeill said she never expected the picture to spark a star-studded debate, explaining that she just thought her followers on Tumblr would have a 'good reaction'. Millions have since joined the raging debate - dubbed 'dressgate' - with a number of high-profile celebrities among those who have weighed in on the issue. The bride's sister, Angie McPhee, 27, said that she thought the newly-married couple were unaware of the social media storm. Mr Johnston's mother, Shirley Johnston, 62, said the reaction had been 'really weird' while 26-year-old Lindsay Maden, from Blackpool, who was a bridesmaid at the wedding, described it as 'mental'.
Speaking to Business Insider, Ms McNeill, said she couldn't believe the way the dress has exploded online. Ms McNeill, whose folk band played at the ceremony, shared the photograph on a fan page dedicated to talent manager Sarah Weichel. And #TheDress started trending worldwide on Twitter as the debate when global. At 3.15pm this afternoon, there had been more than 1 million tweets mentioning the hashtag. ‘It’s quite a striking contrast between the black and the blue’ continued Professor Lotery. The lens of the eye gradually yellows with age and this exposes more blue, continued Professor Lotery.
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